Compliance in actuation has been exploited to generate highly dynamic maneuvers such as throwing that take advantage of the potential energy stored in joint springs. However, the energy storage and release could not be well-timed yet. On the contrary, for multi-link systems, the natural system dynamics might even work against the actual goal. With the introduction of variable stiffness actuators, this problem has been partially addressed. With a suitable optimal control strategy, the approximate decoupling of the motor from the link can be achieved to maximize the energy transfer into the distal link prior to launch. However, such continuous stiffness variation is complex and typically leads to oscillatory swing-up motions instead of clear launch sequences. To circumvent this issue, we investigate decoupling for speed maximization with a dedicated novel actuator concept denoted Bi-Stiffness Actuation. With this, it is possible to fully decouple the link from the joint mechanism by a switch-and-hold clutch and simultaneously keep the elastic energy stored. We show that with this novel paradigm, it is not only possible to reach the same optimal performance as with power-equivalent variable stiffness actuation, but even directly control the energy transfer timing. This is a major step forward compared to previous optimal control approaches, which rely on optimizing the full time-series control input.

In this paper a global reactive motion planning framework for robotic manipulators in complex dynamic environments is presented. In particular, the circular field predictions (CFP) planner from Becker et al. (2021) is extended to ensure obstacle avoidance of the whole structure of a robotic manipulator. Towards this end, a motion planning framework is developed that leverages global information about promising avoidance directions from arbitrary configuration space motion planners, resulting in improved global trajectories while reactively avoiding dynamic obstacles and decreasing the required computational power. The resulting motion planning framework is tested in multiple simulations with complex and dynamic obstacles and demonstrates great potential compared to existing motion planning approaches.

操纵性椭圆形有效地捕获人姿势并揭示有关手头任务的信息。他们在任务依赖的机器人教学中的使用，尤其是他们从老师到学习者的转移 - 可以推动模仿人类运动。尽管在最近的文献中，重点转向了两个机器人之间的可操作性转移，但迄今为止，对另一个运动系统的能力的适应尚未解决，并且从人类到机器人的转移研究仍处于起步阶段。这项工作提出了一种新型的可操作性域适应方法，用于将可操作性信息传输到另一个运动系统的域。由于可操作性矩阵/椭圆形是对称的阳性定义（SPD），因此可以将它们视为SPD矩阵的Riemannian歧管上的点。我们是第一个从点云注册的角度解决可操作性转移问题的问题。我们提出了一种具有平行运输初始化的歧管感知的迭代次数最接近的算法（ICP）。此外，我们基于固有的几何特征，引入了与可操作性椭圆形相匹配的对应关系。我们确认了使用二-DOF操纵器以及代表人类臂运动学的7-DOF模型的模拟实验方法。

自然语言是表达人类意图的最直观的方式之一。但是，将指示和命令转换为机器人运动生产以及在现实世界中的部署，远非一件容易的事。的确，将机器人的固有的低水平几何形状和运动动力学约束与人类的高级语义信息相结合，振奋人心，并提出了对任务设计问题的新挑战 - 通常会通过一组静态的动作目标和命令来实现任务或硬件特定的解决方案。相反，这项工作提出了一个灵活的基于语言的框架，该框架允许使用有关先前任务或机器人信息的限制的语言命令修改通用3D机器人轨迹。通过利用预训练的语言模型，我们使用自动回归变压器将自然语言输入和上下文图像映射到3D轨迹中的变化中。我们通过模拟和现实生活实验表明，该模型可以成功遵循人类的意图，从而改变了多个机器人平台和环境的轨迹的形状和速度。这项研究迈出了建立机器人技术的大型预训练的基础模型的一步，并展示了这样的模型如何在人与机器之间建立更直观，更灵活的相互作用。代码库可在以下网址提供：https：//github.com/arthurfenderbucker/nl_traimptory_reshaper。

Tumor-stroma ratio (TSR) is a prognostic factor for many types of solid tumors. In this study, we propose a method for automated estimation of TSR from histopathological images of colorectal cancer. The method is based on convolutional neural networks which were trained to classify colorectal cancer tissue in hematoxylin-eosin stained samples into three classes: stroma, tumor and other. The models were trained using a data set that consists of 1343 whole slide images. Three different training setups were applied with a transfer learning approach using domain-specific data i.e. an external colorectal cancer histopathological data set. The three most accurate models were chosen as a classifier, TSR values were predicted and the results were compared to a visual TSR estimation made by a pathologist. The results suggest that classification accuracy does not improve when domain-specific data are used in the pre-training of the convolutional neural network models in the task at hand. Classification accuracy for stroma, tumor and other reached 96.1$\%$ on an independent test set. Among the three classes the best model gained the highest accuracy (99.3$\%$) for class tumor. When TSR was predicted with the best model, the correlation between the predicted values and values estimated by an experienced pathologist was 0.57. Further research is needed to study associations between computationally predicted TSR values and other clinicopathological factors of colorectal cancer and the overall survival of the patients.

This paper presents the OPUS ecosystem with a focus on the development of open machine translation models and tools, and their integration into end-user applications, development platforms and professional workflows. We discuss our on-going mission of increasing language coverage and translation quality, and also describe on-going work on the development of modular translation models and speed-optimized compact solutions for real-time translation on regular desktops and small devices.

Quantum machine learning techniques are commonly considered one of the most promising candidates for demonstrating practical quantum advantage. In particular, quantum kernel methods have been demonstrated to be able to learn certain classically intractable functions efficiently if the kernel is well-aligned with the target function. In the more general case, quantum kernels are known to suffer from exponential "flattening" of the spectrum as the number of qubits grows, preventing generalization and necessitating the control of the inductive bias by hyperparameters. We show that the general-purpose hyperparameter tuning techniques proposed to improve the generalization of quantum kernels lead to the kernel becoming well-approximated by a classical kernel, removing the possibility of quantum advantage. We provide extensive numerical evidence for this phenomenon utilizing multiple previously studied quantum feature maps and both synthetic and real data. Our results show that unless novel techniques are developed to control the inductive bias of quantum kernels, they are unlikely to provide a quantum advantage on classical data.

In this paper, we increase the availability and integration of devices in the learning process to enhance the convergence of federated learning (FL) models. To address the issue of having all the data in one location, federated learning, which maintains the ability to learn over decentralized data sets, combines privacy and technology. Until the model converges, the server combines the updated weights obtained from each dataset over a number of rounds. The majority of the literature suggested client selection techniques to accelerate convergence and boost accuracy. However, none of the existing proposals have focused on the flexibility to deploy and select clients as needed, wherever and whenever that may be. Due to the extremely dynamic surroundings, some devices are actually not available to serve as clients in FL, which affects the availability of data for learning and the applicability of the existing solution for client selection. In this paper, we address the aforementioned limitations by introducing an On-Demand-FL, a client deployment approach for FL, offering more volume and heterogeneity of data in the learning process. We make use of the containerization technology such as Docker to build efficient environments using IoT and mobile devices serving as volunteers. Furthermore, Kubernetes is used for orchestration. The Genetic algorithm (GA) is used to solve the multi-objective optimization problem due to its evolutionary strategy. The performed experiments using the Mobile Data Challenge (MDC) dataset and the Localfed framework illustrate the relevance of the proposed approach and the efficiency of the on-the-fly deployment of clients whenever and wherever needed with less discarded rounds and more available data.

由于临床实践所需的放射学报告和研究是在自由文本叙述中编写和存储的，因此很难提取相对信息进行进一步分析。在这种情况下，自然语言处理（NLP）技术可以促进自动信息提取和自由文本格式转换为结构化数据。近年来，基于深度学习（DL）的模型已适用于NLP实验，并具有令人鼓舞的结果。尽管基于人工神经网络（ANN）和卷积神经网络（CNN）的DL模型具有显着潜力，但这些模型仍面临临床实践中实施的一些局限性。变形金刚是另一种新的DL体系结构，已越来越多地用于改善流程。因此，在这项研究中，我们提出了一种基于变压器的细粒命名实体识别（NER）架构，以进行临床信息提取。我们以自由文本格式收集了88次腹部超声检查报告，并根据我们开发的信息架构进行了注释。文本到文本传输变压器模型（T5）和covive是T5模型的预训练域特异性适应性，用于微调来提取实体和关系，并将输入转换为结构化的格式。我们在这项研究中基于变压器的模型优于先前应用的方法，例如基于Rouge-1，Rouge-2，Rouge-L和BLEU分别为0.816、0.668、0.528和0.743的ANN和CNN模型，同时提供了一个分数可解释的结构化报告。

尽管大量研究专门用于变形检测，但大多数研究都无法推广其在训练范式之外的变形面。此外，最近的变体检测方法非常容易受到对抗攻击的影响。在本文中，我们打算学习一个具有高概括的变体检测模型，以对各种形态攻击和对不同的对抗攻击的高度鲁棒性。为此，我们开发了卷积神经网络（CNN）和变压器模型的合奏，以同时受益于其能力。为了提高整体模型的鲁棒精度，我们采用多扰动对抗训练，并生成具有高可传递性的对抗性示例。我们详尽的评估表明，提出的强大合奏模型将概括为几个变形攻击和面部数据集。此外，我们验证了我们的稳健集成模型在超过最先进的研究的同时，对几次对抗性攻击获得了更好的鲁棒性。